The use of rock in hydraulic engineering, 2nd ed, C683, CIRIA, London, UKĬampos A, Castillo C, Molina-Sanche R (2020) Damage in rubble mound breakwaters part i: historical review of damage models. Thomas Telford Ltd, LondonĬIRIA CUR CETMEF (2007) The rock manual. Dubaiīarends FBJ (1986) Geotechnical aspects of rubble mound breakwaters, Developments in breakwaters. In: 1st International conference on coastal zone management and engineering in the middle East. KeywordsĪllsop NWH, Cork RS, Verhagen HJ (2009) A database of major breakwaters around the world, In: Proceedings of coasts, marine structures and breakwaters, Edinburgh, UKīakker P, Klabbers M, Muttray M, Van den Berge A (2005) Hydraulic performance of Xbloc® armour units. The failure of rubble mound breakwater at Ergil fishery port, Turkey due to Kocaeli earthquake of 1999 has been explained to support this part. The common modes of rubble mound failure are hydraulic damage, erosion of subsoil, slope failures, toe erosion, overtopping, liquefaction of subsoil, crest erosion, and leeside damage. The design of rubble mound breakwaters include hydraulic stability of it against wave actions, structural components design, and geotechnical considerations. Looking at its importance for coastal structures, this paper gives an overview of the basic aspects of rubble mound breakwaters, design considerations, and its failure conditions. More than 50% of breakwaters constructed around the world are of rubble mounds. The main advantage of the rubble mound is its failure is not immediate and can be repaired by adding the stones in the flushed-out part. Armor units at the outer layer absorb most of the energy and under-layers prevent transmission of the wave energy. Rubble mound is a flexible, heterogeneous, trapezoidal structure consisting of quarried rocks in the core and artificial armor as a protection cover. Depending upon the availability of rocks, depth of water, geotechnical nature of the sea bed, and its functional requirement, breakwaters are classified as rubble mound breakwaters, caisson type, and composite breakwaters. It creates tranquility in and around the harbor side for smooth transactions of ships. Breakwaters are offshore structures constructed to protect the coastal and port structures from uncertain and extreme wave conditions.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |